安装

1.挂载

将根磁盘挂载到/mnt/genoo

2.stage3

关于stage包的区别

multilib 32 and 64 尽可能的使用64位库,必要时兼容32

no-multilib (纯64位) 除非必要否则不要使用

Openrc 一个简洁的init系统

systemd 比openrc臃肿但通用

解压stage3

tar xpvf stage3-*.tar.xz --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner

创建/mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf
更改/mnt/gentoo/etc/gentoo/portage/make.conf
二进制配置/mnt/gentoo/etc/gentoo/portage/binrepos.conf/gentoobinhost.conf
挂载文件系统
- /proc是伪文件系统由linux内核生成挂载到/mnt/proc
- /sys是伪文件系统类似/proc 更结构化
- /dev是包含全部设备文件的常规文件系统一部分由linux设备管理器(通常是udev) 管理
/proc是挂载 /sys /dev /run是绑定挂载例如 /mnt/sys就是sys(同一个文件系统的第二个条目) 而/mnt/proc(可以说)是文件系统的新挂载
```
mount --types proc /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc
mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys
mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/sys
mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev
mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/dev
mount --bind /run /mnt/gentoo/run
mount --make-slave /mnt/gentoo/run
```

chroot

chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
source /etc/profile
export PS1="(chroot) &{PS1}"

emerge sync
```
emerge --sync
```

eselect

eselect news list
eselect news read
eselect profile list
eselect profile set [number]

配置use

emerge --info |grep ^USE #查看默认use
vi /etc/portage/make.conf

emerge update

emerge --ask --verbose --update --deep --newuse @world

时区

openrc

echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone
emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data

systemd

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

locale /etc/locale.gen

zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8

locale-gen

eselect locale

eselect locale list #找到zh_CN.utf8
eselect locale set

内核

emerge linux-firmware
emerge gentoo-sources
emerge genkernel
time genkernel all

rc

emerge dhcpcd
emerge networkmanager
emerge syslog-ng
emerge cronie
emerge virtual/sshd
rc-update add dhcpcd default
rc-update add syslog-ng default
rc-update add sshd default
rc-update add cronie default
emerge sudo
useradd -m donjuan
passwd donjuan

grub

emerge sys-boot/grub
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --removable
grub-mkconfig -o /boot

umount

umount /mnt/gentoo/dev
umount /mnt/gentoo/proc
umount /mnt/gentoo/efi
umount /mnt/gentoo

kde

emerge dev-libs/plasma-wayland-protocols-1.10.0
emerge dev-libs/wayland-1.22.0
emerge dev-libs/wayland-protocols-1.32
emerge sddm
emerge plasma-meta
emerge kde-plasma/kwalletmanager

display-manager

注意也可以直接用dbus启动

dbus-launch startplasma-wayland

使用sddm

 emerge gui-libs/display-manager-init
 vi /etc/conf.d/xdm
 vi /etc/conf.d/display-manager
->  DISPLAYMANAGER="sddm"
 sudo rc-update add sddm default

fcitx

echo 'app-i18n/fcitx-configtool kcm' > /etc/portage/package.use/fcitx-configtool
emerge fcitx fcitx-rime fcitx-configtools

在键盘->虚拟键盘选择fcitx5

在输入法->添加输入法添加中州韵

/etc/environment

#
# This file is parsed by pam_env module
#
# Syntax: simple "KEY=VAL" pairs on separate lines
#
QT_IM_MODULE="fcitx"
GTK_IM_MODULE="fcitx"
XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"

emerge fcitx fcitx-libpinyin fcitx-qt5 kcm-fcitx libpinyin

服务启动

sudo emerge alsa-utils
sudo emerge alsa-plugins

sudo rc-update add udev sysinit
sudo rc-update add elogind boot
sudo rc-update add dbus default
sudo rc-update add alsasound boot
sudo rc-update add Networkmanager default

kde

dbus-launch --exit-with-session startplasma-wayland

3.grub

emerge grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
grub install --target=x86_64-efi --removable --efi-directory=/boot/EFI # EFI

sys-boot/os-prober

GRUB 可以在运行 grub-mkconfig 命令时检测到其他操作系统并生成启动项
```
emerge --ask --newuse sys-boot/os-prober
```

4.网络

静态ip

/etc/dhcpcd.conf

static ip_address=192.168.0.10/24
static routers=192.168.0.1
static domain_name_servers=192.168.0.1

5.时间

sudo emerge net-misc/chrony
rc-update add chronyd default

Chroot安装

后续

23.0版本更新

默认合并了/usr (merged-usr) 在profile中旧版本需要选择 split-usr

Select the 23.0 profile corresponding to your current profile, either using
 "eselect profile" or by manually setting the profile symlink.
 Note that old profiles are by default split-usr and the 23.0 profiles by
 default merged-usr. Do NOT change directory scheme now, since this will
 mess up your system! 
 Instead, make sure that the new profile has the same property: for example, 
 OLD default/linux/amd64/17.1  
      ==>  NEW default/linux/amd64/23.0/split-usr
           (added "split-usr")
 OLD default/linux/amd64/17.1/systemd/merged-usr  
      ==>  NEW default/linux/amd64/23.0/systemd
           (removed "merged-usr")

fcitx-rime切换为简体

F4选择即可

fcitx

注意

更新后记得执行因为gentoo有时更新会换一些库的位置 dispatch-conf可以帮助你迁移配置文件

dispatch-conf

部分包配置

www-client/google-chrome

安装好后在chrome://flags中Preferred Ozone platform选择wayland

portage

emerge

仓库更新

emerge --sync # 更新仓库

删除包

emerge --unmerge package
emerge --deselect package
emerge --depclean

搜索包

emerge --search package # 搜索包名
emerge --searchdesc package # 搜索包的描述

安装包

emerge package
emerge --pretend package # 查看依赖
emerge --fetchonly package # 仅下载源代码至/var/cache/distfiles
emerge =package-version # 安装指定版本

系统更新

emerge --update --deep --newuse @world

包信息查询

emerge -vp package

你将会看到类似于

[ebuild  rR    ] kde-plasma/plasma-desktop-6.2.4:6::gentoo  USE="handbook screencast sdl semantic-desktop -debug -ibus -scim -test -webengine" INPUT_DEVICES="-wacom" 0 KiB

其中在[]里

N new包
S SLOT安装(并排版本)
U 更新
D 降级
r 重新安装(由于某种原因被强制安装)
R 替换(重新安装相同的版本)
I 交互式
B 由于未解决的冲突被block
b 被block 但是自动解决冲突

其中在USE后

-USE 没有激活这个USE
USE* 状态转换
UES% 新增加的或减少的
(USE) 强制的
{} 被绑定于FEATURES

指定根

emerge --root=DIR # 指定ROOT env
emerge --sysroot=DIR # 指定SYSROOT env

清理缓存

eclean-dist

查看USE说明

安装gentoolkit

  equery uses emacs
   * Found these USE flags for app-editors/emacs-29.4:
 U I
 + + X                   : Add support for X11
 - - Xaw3d               : Add support for the 3d athena widget set
 + + acl                 : Add support for Access Control Lists
 + + alsa                : Add support for media-libs/alsa-lib (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture)
 - - athena              : Enable the MIT Athena widget set (x11-libs/libXaw)
 + + cairo               : Enable support for the cairo graphics library
 + + dbus                : Enable dbus support for anything that needs it (gpsd, gnomemeeting, etc)
 + + dynamic-loading     : Enable loading of dynamic libraries (modules) at runtime
 - - games               : Support shared score files for games
....

二进制包操作

emerge -g # 从远程下载二进制包 若没有则编译
emerge -G # 从远程下载二进制包 若没有则报错

报错

mask

~arch keyword	该软件没有经过充分的测试不能进入稳定分支请等待一段时间后尝试使用
-arch keyword or -* keyword	该软件不能在目标机器的架构中工作如果情况并非如此
missing keyword	该软件至今还没有在机器的架构中进行过测试可以咨询相应架构移植小组是否能对它进行测试查看 /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords 和接受单个软件包的关键字
package.mask	发现该包已损坏或其他问题被故意标记为请勿使用
profile	该软件不适合当前proifle
license	不兼容license

USE

portage提示USE需要更改

The following USE changes are necessary to proceed:
#required by app-text/happypackage-2.0, required by happypackage (argument)
>=app-text/feelings-1.0.0 test

遇到这种情况请到/etc/portage/package.use设置包

循环依赖

!!! Error: circular dependencies: 
ebuild / net-print/cups-1.1.15-r2 depends on ebuild / app-text/ghostscript-7.05.3-r1
ebuild / app-text/ghostscript-7.05.3-r1 depends on ebuild / net-print/cups-1.1.15-r2

此时应该静待portage更新并反馈bug

profile保护
```
!!! Trying to unmerge package(s) in system profile. 'sys-apps/portage'
!!! This could be damaging to your system.
```
您要求移除系统核心软件包中的一个它是您的profile中所列出的必需的软件因此不能从系统中移除
测试版本

类似于
```
masked by: ~amd64 keyword
```
此时编籍/etc/portage/package.accept_keywords/package 并添加xxx/package ~amd64

Block

示例

[ebuild  N     ] x11-libs/xcb-imdkit-1.0.9 
[ebuild  NS    ] app-i18n/fcitx-5.1.10 [4.2.9.8] USE="emoji%* keyboard%* server%* wayland%* -doc% -presage% -systemd%" 
[blocks B      ] app-i18n/fcitx:4 ("app-i18n/fcitx:4" is soft blocking app-i18n/fcitx-5.1.10)
[blocks B      ] app-i18n/fcitx:5 ("app-i18n/fcitx:5" is soft blocking app-i18n/fcitx-4.2.9.8)

 * Error: The above package list contains packages which cannot be
 * installed at the same time on the same system.

  (app-i18n/fcitx-4.2.9.8:4/4::gentoo, installed) pulled in by
    >=app-i18n/fcitx-4.2.9:4 required by (app-i18n/kcm-fcitx-0.5.6:4-plasma5/4-plasma5::gentoo, installed) USE="" ABI_X86="(64)"
    >=app-i18n/fcitx-4.2.9:4 required by (app-i18n/fcitx-rime-0.3.2-r1:4/4::gentoo, installed) USE="" ABI_X86="(64)"
    >=app-i18n/fcitx-4.2.9:4 required by (app-i18n/fcitx-qt5-1.2.5:4/4::gentoo, installed) USE="" ABI_X86="(64)"
    >=app-i18n/fcitx-4.2.9:4 required by (app-i18n/fcitx-libpinyin-0.5.4:4/4::gentoo, installed) USE="-dictionary-manager" ABI_X86="(64)"

  (app-i18n/fcitx-5.1.10:5/5::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge) pulled in by
    fcitx


For more information about Blocked Packages, please refer to the following
section of the Gentoo Linux x86 Handbook (architecture is irrelevant):

https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Working/Portage#Blocked_packages

解决方案

为了使安装得以继续进行，您可以选择不安装这个软件包，或者先将发生冲突的包卸载。你也可能会遇到某些特定版本的包被屏蔽的情况，比如<media-video/mplayer-1.0_rc1-r2。在这种情况下，升级到一个更新的版本就能解决问题。

gentoolkit

安装

emerge gentoolkit

equery

查看依赖于这个包的所有包

equery depends -D package

查看这个包依赖什么包

equery depgraph package

配置文件

sys

/etc/portage/make.conf

        # These settings were set by the catalyst build script that automatically
# built this stage.
# Please consult /usr/share/portage/config/make.conf.example for a more
# detailed example.
COMMON_FLAGS="-O2 -pipe"
CFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"
CXXFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"
FCFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"
FFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"
FEATURES="${FEATURES} binpkg-request-signature buildpkg"
# NOTE: This stage was built with the bindist Use flag enabled

# This sets the language of build output to English.
# Please keep this setting intact when reporting bugs.
LC_MESSAGES=C.utf8
#GENTOO_MIRRORS="rsync://127.0.0.1/repo/gentoo/"
GENTOO_MIRRORS="rsync://mirror.nju.edu.cn/gentoo/"
USE="-gnome wayland  qt5 kde dvd cdr acl alsa jack pulseaudio bluetooth wayland browser-integration discover networkmanager  pipewire  screencast plasma grub"
VIDEO_CARDS="amdgpu radeonsi"
MAKEOPTS="-j8"


# ccache
#FEATURES="ccache -test"
#CCACHE_DIR="/var/cache/ccache"

GRUB_PLATFORMS="efi-64"

ACCEPT_LICENSE="*"

ALSA_CARDS="hda_intel"

L10N="en-US zh-CN en zh"
ABI_X86="32 64"	      

/etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf

[DEFAULT]
main-repo = gentoo

[gentoo]
location = /var/db/repos/gentoo
sync-type = rsync
#sync-uri = rsync://127.0.0.1/repo/gentoo-portage
sync-uri = rsync://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gentoo-portage
auto-sync = yes
sync-rsync-verify-jobs = 1
sync-rsync-verify-metamanifest = no
sync-rsync-verify-max-age = 24
sync-openpgp-key-path = /usr/share/openpgp-keys/gentoo-release.asc
sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-count = 40
sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-overall-timeout = 1200
sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-delay-exp-base = 2
sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-delay-max = 60
sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-delay-mult = 4
sync-webrsync-verify-signature = no

/etc/portage/binrepos.conf/gentoobinhost.conf

  # These settings were set by the catalyst build script that automatically
# built this stage.
# Please consider using a local mirror.

[gentoobinhost]
priority = 1
sync-uri = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gentoo/releases/amd64/binpackages/23.0/x86-64

/etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo-zh.conf

  # created by eselect-repo
[gentoo-zh]
location = /var/db/repos/gentoo-zh
sync-type = git
sync-uri = https://github.com/microcai/gentoo-zh.git

/etc/genkernel.conf

NICE=19
# Add DMRAID support
DMRAID="yes"

# Add SSH support
#SSH="no"

# Add b2sum support
#B2SUM="no"

# Include busybox in the initramfs. If included, busybox is rebuilt
# if the cached copy is out of date.
#BUSYBOX="yes"

# Add MDRAID support
#MDADM="no"

# Specify a custom mdadm.conf.
# By default the initramfs will be built *without* an mdadm.conf and will auto-detect
# arrays during bootup.  Usually, this should not be needed.
#MDADM_CONFIG="/etc/mdadm.conf"

# Add Multipath support
#MULTIPATH="no"

# Add iSCSI support
#ISCSI="no"

# Add e2fsprogs support
#E2FSPROGS="no"

# Include support for unionfs
#UNIONFS="no"

# Include support for zfs volume management.  If unset, genkernel will attempt
# to autodetect and enable this when rootfs is on zfs.
#ZFS="no"

# Add BTRFS support
#BTRFS="no"

# Add xfsprogs support
#XFSPROGS="no"

# Install firmware onto root filesystem
# Will conflict with sys-kernel/linux-firmware package
#FIRMWARE_INSTALL="no"

# Include full contents of FIRMWARE_DIR
# (if FIRMWARE option below is set to YES).
#ALLFIRMWARE="no"

# Add firmware(s) to initramfs required by copied modules
#FIRMWARE="no"

# Specify directory to pull from
#FIRMWARE_DIR="/lib/firmware"

# Specify a comma-separated list of firmware files or directories to include,
# relative to FIRMWARE_DIR (if FIRMWARE option above is set to YES
# and ALLFIRMWARE is set to NO).
#FIRMWARE_FILES=""

# Add new kernel to grub
# Possible values: empty/"no", "grub", "grub2"
#BOOTLOADER="no"

# Use sandbox when building initramfs
#SANDBOX="yes"

# Embed and set font early on boot
# Possible values: empty/"none", "current", <PSF file>
#BOOTFONT="none"

# Add boot splash using splashutils
#SPLASH="no"

# Use this splash theme. If commented out - the "default" name theme is used.
# Also, SPLASH="yes" needs to be enabled for this one to work.
# This supersedes the "SPLASH_THEME" option in '/etc/conf.d/splash'.
#SPLASH_THEME="gentoo"

# Includes or excludes Plymouth from the initramfs. If "splash" is
# passed at boot, Plymouth will be activated.
#PLYMOUTH="no"

# Embeds the given plymouth theme in the initramfs.
#PLYMOUTH_THEME="text"

# Run "emerge @module-rebuild" automatically when possible and necessary
# after kernel and modules have been compiled
#MODULEREBUILD="yes"

# Run the specified command in the current environment after the kernel and
# modules have been compiled, useful to rebuild external kernel module
# (see MODULEREBUILD above) or installing additional
# files (use 'copy_image_with_preserve dtb path/to/dtb dtb <kernelname>')
#CMD_CALLBACK=""


# =========KEYMAP SETTINGS=========
#
# Force keymap selection at boot
#DOKEYMAPAUTO="no"

# Enables keymap selection support
#KEYMAP="yes"


# =========LOW LEVEL COMPILE SETTINGS=========
#
# Assembler to use for the kernel.  See also the --kernel-as command line
# option.
#KERNEL_AS="as"

# Archiver to use for the kernel.  See also the --kernel-ar command line
# option.
#KERNEL_AR="ar"

# Compiler to use for the kernel (e.g. distcc).  See also the --kernel-cc
# command line option.
#KERNEL_CC="gcc"

# Linker to use for the kernel.  See also the --kernel-ld command line option.
#KERNEL_LD="ld"

# NM utility to use for the kernel.  See also the --kernel-nm command line option.
#KERNEL_NM="nm"

# GNU Make to use for kernel.  See also the --kernel-make command line option.
#KERNEL_MAKE="make"

# objcopy utility to use for the kernel.  See also the --kernel-objcopy command
# line option.
#KERNEL_OBJCOPY="objcopy"

# objdump utility to use for the kernel.  See also the --kernel-objdump command
# line option.
#KERNEL_OBJDUMP="objdump"

# ranlib utility to use for the kernel.  See also the --kernel-ranlib command
# line option.
#KERNEL_RANLIB="ranlib"

# readelf utility to use for the kernel.  See also the --kernel-readelf command
# line option.
#KERNEL_READELF="readelf"

# strip utility to use for the kernel.  See also the --kernel-strip command line
# option.
#KERNEL_STRIP="strip"

# Assembler to use for the utilities.  See also the --utils-as command line
# option.
#UTILS_AS="as"

# Archiver to use for the utilities.  See also the --utils-ar command line
# option.
#UTILS_AR="ar"

# C Compiler to use for the utilities (e.g. distcc).  See also the --utils-cc
# command line option.
#UTILS_CC="gcc"

# C++ Compiler to use for the utilities (e.g. distcc).  See also the --utils-cxx
# command line option.
#UTILS_CXX="g++"

# Linker to use for the utilities.  See also the --utils-ld command line
# option.
#UTILS_LD="ld"

# NM utility to use for the utilities.  See also the --utils-nm command line option.
#UTILS_NM="nm"

# GNU Make to use for the utilities.  See also the --utils-make command line
# option.
#UTILS_MAKE="make"

# Target triple (i.e. aarch64-linux-gnu) to build for. If you do not
# cross-compile, leave blank for auto detection.
#CROSS_COMPILE=""

# Target triple (i.e. aarch64-linux-gnu) to build kernel for.  Utilities will be
# built for the native target, not this target. If you do not cross-compile,
# leave blank.
#KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE=""

# Override default make target (bzImage). See also the --kernel-target
# command line option. Useful to build a uImage on arm.
#KERNEL_MAKE_DIRECTIVE_OVERRIDE="fooImage"

# Override default kernel binary path. See also the --kernel-binary
# command line option. Useful to install a uImage on arm.
#KERNEL_BINARY_OVERRIDE="arch/foo/boot/bar"


# =========GENKERNEL LOCATION CONFIGURATION=========
#
# Variables:
#   %%ARCH%%  - Final determined architecture
#   %%CACHE%% - Final determined cache location

# Set genkernel's temporary work directory
#TMPDIR="/var/tmp/genkernel"

# Set the boot directory, default is /boot
#BOOTDIR="/boot"

# Default share directory location
GK_SHARE="${GK_SHARE:-/usr/share/genkernel}"

# Location of the default cache
CACHE_DIR="/var/cache/genkernel"

# Location of DISTDIR, where our source tarballs are stored
DISTDIR="${GK_SHARE}/distfiles"

# Log output file
LOGFILE="/var/log/genkernel.log"

# Debug Level
LOGLEVEL=1


# =========COMPILED UTILS CONFIGURATION=========
#
# Default location of kernel source
DEFAULT_KERNEL_SOURCE="/usr/src/linux"

# Default kernel config (only use to override using
# arch/%%ARCH%%/kernel-config-${VER}.${PAT} !)
#DEFAULT_KERNEL_CONFIG="${GK_SHARE}/arch/%%ARCH%%/kernel-config"

# Specifies a user created busybox config
#BUSYBOX_CONFIG="/path/to/file"

# NOTE: Since genkernel 3.4.41 the version of
#   busybox, lvm, mdadm, ... have been moved to
#   /usr/share/genkernel/defaults/software.sh in order to
#   reduce the merging you have to do during etc-update.
#   You can still override these settings in here.


# =========MISC KERNEL CONFIGURATION=========
#
# Set kernel filename which will be used when kernel will be installed
# into BOOTDIR. See man page to learn more about available placeholders.
#KERNEL_FILENAME="vmlinuz-%%KV%%"

# Set kernel symlink name which will be used when kernel will be installed
# into BOOTDIR and SYMLINK option is enabled
#KERNEL_SYMLINK_NAME="kernel"

# This option will set kernel option CONFIG_LOCALVERSION.
# Use special value "UNSET" to unset already set CONFIG_LOCALVERSION.
#KERNEL_LOCALVERSION="-%%ARCH%%"

# This option is only valid if kerncache is
# defined. If there is a valid kerncache no checks
# will be made against a kernel source tree.
#KERNEL_SOURCES="yes"

# Build a static (monolithic kernel)
#BUILD_STATIC="no"

# Make and install kernelz image (PowerPC)
#GENZIMAGE="no"

# Archive file created using tar containing kernel binary, content
# of /lib/modules and the kernel config.
# NOTE: Archive is created before the callbacks are run!
#KERNCACHE="/path/to/file.tar.xz"

# Prefix to kernel module destination, modules
# will be installed in <prefix>/lib/modules
#KERNEL_MODULES_PREFIX=""


# =========MISC INITRAMFS CONFIGURATION=========
#
# Set initramfs filename which will be used when initramfs will be
# installed into BOOTDIR. See man page to learn more about available
# placeholders.
#INITRAMFS_FILENAME="initramfs-%%KV%%.img"

# Set initramfs symlink name which will be used when initramfs will be
# installed into BOOTDIR and SYMLINK option is enabled
#INITRAMFS_SYMLINK_NAME="initramfs"

# Copy all compiled kernel modules to the initramfs
#ALLRAMDISKMODULES="no"

# Copy selected modules to the initramfs based on arch-specific modules_load file
#RAMDISKMODULES="yes"

# Archive file created using tar containing kernel and initramfs.
# NOTE: No modules outside of the initramfs will be included!
#MINKERNPACKAGE="/path/to/file.tar.xz"

# Add additional modules to the initramfs using the module groups defined
# in /usr/share/genkernel/defaults/modules_load (see this file for
# more details).  This would be used if, for example, you
# required an additional crypto module or network device at boot
# time and did not want to statically compile these in the kernel.
# Options take the form AMODULES_{group} where {group} is one of
# the groups in modules_load (which are in the form MODULES_{group}).
# Use this with caution.
#AMODULES_group="module-to-include another-module"

# Override the default modules in the initramfs, for a given group, as defined by
# /usr/share/genkernel/defaults/modules_load and the per-arch modules_load
# files. You PROBABLY want to use AMODULES_* above, and NOT MODULES_* here.
# If you use MODULES_* here, the default and per-arch modules will NOT be used.
#MODULES_group1="some-module"
#MODULES_group2="" # Load no modules for this group

# Override the default used linuxrc script.
#LINUXRC="/path/to/custom/linuxrc"

# Archive file created using tar containing modules after
# the callbacks have run
#MODULESPACKAGE="/path/to/file.tar.xz"

# Directory structure to include in the initramfs,
# only available on >=2.6 kernels
#INITRAMFS_OVERLAY=""

# Build the generated initramfs into the kernel instead of
# keeping it as a separate file
#INTEGRATED_INITRAMFS="no"

# Compress generated initramfs
#COMPRESS_INITRD="yes"

# Types of compression: best, xz, lzma, bzip2, gzip, lzop, lz4, zstd, fastest
# "best" selects the best available compression method
# "fastest" selects the fastest available compression method
#COMPRESS_INITRD_TYPE="best"

# wrap initramfs using mkimage for u-boot bootloader
# WRAP_INITRD=no

# Create a self-contained env in the initramfs
#NETBOOT="no"


# =========MISC BOOT CONFIGURATION=========
#
# Specify a default for real_root=
#REAL_ROOT="/dev/one/two/gentoo"

doc

/var/db/repos/gentoo/profiles/use.desc

  # Copyright 1999-2025 Gentoo Authors
# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2

# Keep them sorted

X - Add support for X11
Xaw3d - Add support for the 3d athena widget set
a52 - Enable support for decoding ATSC A/52 streams used in DVD
aac - Enable support for MPEG-4 AAC Audio
aalib - Add support for media-libs/aalib (ASCII-Graphics Library)
accessibility - Add support for accessibility (eg 'at-spi' library)
acl - Add support for Access Control Lists
acpi - Add support for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
adns - Add support for asynchronous DNS resolution
afs - Add OpenAFS support (distributed file system)
alsa - Add support for media-libs/alsa-lib (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture)
ao - Use libao audio output library for sound playback
apache2 - Add Apache2 support
aqua - Include support for the Mac OS X Aqua (Carbon/Cocoa) GUI
asm - Enable using assembly for optimization
atm - Enable Asynchronous Transfer Mode protocol support
apparmor - Enable support for the AppArmor application security system
appindicator - Build in support for notifications using the libindicate or libappindicator plugin
audiofile - Add support for libaudiofile where applicable
audit - Enable support for Linux audit subsystem using sys-process/audit
avif - Add AV1 Image Format (AVIF) support
bash-completion - Enable bash-completion support
berkdb - Add support for sys-libs/db (Berkeley DB for MySQL)
bidi - Enable bidirectional language support
big-endian - Big-endian toolchain support
bindist - Flag to enable or disable options for prebuilt (GRP) packages (eg. due to licensing issues)
blas - Add support for the virtual/blas numerical library
bluetooth - Enable Bluetooth Support
branding - Enable Gentoo specific branding
brotli - Enable Brotli compression support
build - !!internal use only!! DO NOT SET THIS FLAG YOURSELF!, used for creating build images and the first half of bootstrapping [make stage1]
bzip2 - Enable bzip2 compression support
cairo - Enable support for the cairo graphics library
calendar - Add support for calendars (not using mcal!)
caps - Use Linux capabilities library to control privilege
cdb - Add support for the CDB database engine from the author of qmail
cdda - Add Compact Disk Digital Audio (Standard Audio CD) support
cddb - Access cddb servers to retrieve and submit information about compact disks
cdinstall - Copy files from the CD rather than asking the user to copy them, mostly used with games
cdr - Add support for CD writer hardware
cgi - Add CGI script support
cjk - Add support for Multi-byte character languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)
clamav - Add support for Clam AntiVirus software (usually with a plugin)
colord - Support color management using x11-misc/colord
connman - Add support for net-misc/connman
coreaudio - Build the CoreAudio driver on Mac OS X systems
cracklib - Support for cracklib strong password checking
crypt - Add support for encryption -- using mcrypt or gpg where applicable
css - Enable reading of encrypted DVDs
cuda - Enable NVIDIA CUDA support (computation on GPU)
cups - Add support for CUPS (Common Unix Printing System)
curl - Add support for client-side URL transfer library
custom-cflags - Build with user-specified CFLAGS (unsupported)
cvs - Enable CVS (Concurrent Versions System) integration
cxx - Build support for C++ (bindings, extra libraries, code generation, ...)
dbi - Enable dev-db/libdbi (database-independent abstraction layer) support
dbm - Add support for generic DBM databases
dbus - Enable dbus support for anything that needs it (gpsd, gnomemeeting, etc)
debug - Enable extra debug codepaths, like asserts and extra output. If you want to get meaningful backtraces see https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance/Backtraces
dedicated - Add support for dedicated game servers (some packages do not provide clients and servers at the same time)
dga - Add DGA (Direct Graphic Access) support for X
dist-kernel - Enable subslot rebuilds on Distribution Kernel upgrades
djvu - Support DjVu, a PDF-like document format esp. suited for scanned documents
doc - Add extra documentation (API, Javadoc, etc). It is recommended to enable per package instead of globally
dri - Enable direct rendering: used for accelerated 3D and some 2D, like DMA
dts - Enable DTS Coherent Acoustics decoder support
dv - Enable support for a codec used by many camcorders
dvb - Add support for DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting)
dvd - Add support for DVDs
dvdr - Add support for DVD writer hardware (e.g. in xcdroast)
eds - Enable support for Evolution-Data-Server (EDS)
egl - Enable EGL (Embedded-System Graphics Library, interfacing between windowing system and OpenGL/GLES) support
elogind - Enable session tracking via sys-auth/elogind
emacs - Add support for GNU Emacs
emboss - Add support for the European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite
encode - Add support for encoding of audio or video files
examples - Install examples, usually source code
exif - Add support for reading EXIF headers from JPEG and TIFF images
expat - Enable the use of dev-libs/expat for XML parsing
fam - Enable FAM (File Alteration Monitor) support
fastcgi - Add support for the FastCGI interface
fbcon - Add framebuffer support for the console, via the kernel
ffmpeg - Enable ffmpeg/libav-based audio/video codec support
fftw - Use FFTW library for computing Fourier transforms
filecaps - Use Linux file capabilities to control privilege rather than set*id (this is orthogonal to USE=caps which uses capabilities at runtime e.g. libcap)
firebird - Add support for the Firebird relational database
flac - Add support for FLAC: Free Lossless Audio Codec
fltk - Add support for the Fast Light Toolkit gui interface
fontconfig - Support for configuring and customizing font access via media-libs/fontconfig
fortran - Add support for fortran
freetds - Add support for the TDS protocol to connect to MSSQL/Sybase databases
ftp - Add FTP (File Transfer Protocol) support
gd - Add support for media-libs/gd (to generate graphics on the fly)
gdbm - Add support for sys-libs/gdbm (GNU database libraries)
geoip - Add geoip support for country and city lookup based on IPs
geolocation - Enable physical position determination
ggi - Add support for media-libs/libggi (non-X video api/drivers)
gif - Add GIF image support
gimp - Build a plugin for the GIMP
git - Enable git (version control system) support
gles2 - Enable GLES 2.0 (OpenGL for Embedded Systems) support (independently of full OpenGL, see also: gles2-only)
gles2-only - Use GLES 2.0 (OpenGL for Embedded Systems) or later instead of full OpenGL (see also: gles2)
glut - Build an OpenGL plugin using the GLUT library
gmp - Add support for dev-libs/gmp (GNU MP library)
gnome - Add GNOME support
gnome-keyring - Enable support for storing passwords via gnome-keyring
gnuplot - Enable support for gnuplot (data and function plotting)
gnutls - Prefer net-libs/gnutls as SSL/TLS provider (ineffective with USE=-ssl)
gphoto2 - Add digital camera support
gpm - Add support for sys-libs/gpm (Console-based mouse driver)
gps - Add support for Global Positioning System
graphicsmagick - Build and link against GraphicsMagick instead of ImageMagick (requires USE=imagemagick if optional)
graphviz - Add support for the Graphviz library
gsl - Use the GNU scientific library for calculations
gsm - Add support for the gsm lossy speech compression codec
gstreamer - Add support for media-libs/gstreamer (Streaming media)
gtk - Add support for x11-libs/gtk+ (The GIMP Toolkit)
gtk-doc - Build and install gtk-doc based developer documentation for dev-util/devhelp, IDE and offline use
gui - Enable support for a graphical user interface
guile - Add support for the guile Scheme interpreter
gzip - Compress files with Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)
handbook - Enable handbooks generation for packages by KDE
hardened - Activate default security enhancements for toolchain (gcc, glibc, binutils)
hddtemp - Enable monitoring of hdd temperature (app-admin/hddtemp)
hdf5 - Add support for the Hierarchical Data Format v5
headers-only - Install only C headers instead of whole package. Mainly used by sys-devel/crossdev for toolchain bootstrap.
heif - Enable support for ISO/IEC 23008-12:2017 HEIF/HEIC image format
hscolour - Include coloured haskell sources to generated documentation (dev-haskell/hscolour)
http2 - Enable support for the HTTP/2 protocol
ibm - Add support for IBM ppc64 specific systems
iconv - Enable support for the iconv character set conversion library
icu - Enable ICU (Internationalization Components for Unicode) support, using dev-libs/icu
idn - Enable support for Internationalized Domain Names
ieee1394 - Enable FireWire/iLink IEEE1394 support (dv, camera, ...)
imagemagick - Enable optional support for the ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick image converter
imap - Add support for IMAP (Internet Mail Application Protocol)
imlib - Add support for imlib, an image loading and rendering library
infiniband - Enable Infiniband RDMA transport support
initramfs - Include kernel modules in the initramfs, and re-install the kernel (only effective for distribution kernels)
inotify - Enable inotify filesystem monitoring support
introspection - Add support for GObject based introspection
io-uring - Enable the use of io_uring for efficient asynchronous IO and system requests
iodbc - Add support for iODBC library
ios - Enable support for Apple's iDevice with iOS operating system (iPad, iPhone, iPod, etc)
ipod - Enable support for iPod device access
ipv6 - Add support for IP version 6
jack - Add support for the JACK Audio Connection Kit
java - Add support for Java
javascript - Enable javascript support
jbig - Enable jbig-kit support for tiff, Hylafax, ImageMagick, etc
jemalloc - Use dev-libs/jemalloc for memory management
jit - Enable just-in-time compilation for improved performance. May prevent use of some PaX memory protection features in Gentoo Hardened.
joystick - Add support for joysticks in all packages
jpeg - Add JPEG image support
jpeg2k - Support for JPEG 2000, a wavelet-based image compression format
jpegxl - Add JPEG XL image support
kde - Add support for software made by KDE, a free software community
kerberos - Add kerberos support
keyring - Enable support for freedesktop.org Secret Service API password store
ladspa - Enable the ability to support ladspa plugins
lame - Prefer using LAME libraries for MP3 encoding support
lapack - Add support for the virtual/lapack numerical library
lash - Add LASH Audio Session Handler support
latex - Add support for LaTeX (typesetting package)
lcms - Add lcms support (color management engine)
ldap - Add LDAP support (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
lerc - Add LERC suppport (Limited Error Raster Compression)
libass - SRT/SSA/ASS (SubRip / SubStation Alpha) subtitle support
libcaca - Add support for colored ASCII-art graphics
libedit - Use the libedit library (replacement for readline)
libffi - Enable support for Foreign Function Interface library
libnotify - Enable desktop notification support
libsamplerate - Build with support for converting sample rates using libsamplerate
libwww - Add libwww support (General purpose WEB API)
lirc - Add support for lirc (Linux's Infra-Red Remote Control)
livecd - !!internal use only!! DO NOT SET THIS FLAG YOURSELF!, used during livecd building
llvm-libunwind - Use llvm-runtimes/libunwind instead of sys-libs/libunwind
lm-sensors - Add linux lm-sensors (hardware sensors) support
lto - Enable Link-Time Optimization (LTO) to optimize the build
lua - Enable Lua scripting support
lz4 - Enable support for lz4 compression (as implemented in app-arch/lz4)
lzip - Enable support for lzip compression
lzma - Support for LZMA compression algorithm
lzo - Enable support for lzo compression
m17n-lib - Enable m17n-lib support
mad - Add support for mad (high-quality mp3 decoder library and cli frontend)
magic - Add support for file type detection via magic bytes (usually via libmagic from sys-apps/file)
maildir - Add support for maildir (~/.maildir) style mail spools
man - Build and install man pages
matroska - Add support for the matroska container format (extensions .mkv, .mka and .mks)
mbox - Add support for mbox (/var/spool/mail) style mail spools
memcached - Add support for memcached
mhash - Add support for the mhash library
mikmod - Add libmikmod support to allow playing of SoundTracker-style music files
milter - Add sendmail mail filter (milter) support
minimal - Install a very minimal build (disables, for example, plugins, fonts, most drivers, non-critical features)
mmap - Add mmap (memory map) support
mms - Support for Microsoft Media Server (MMS) streams
mng - Add support for libmng (MNG images)
modplug - Add libmodplug support for playing SoundTracker-style music files
modules - Build the kernel modules
modules-compress - Install compressed kernel modules (if kernel config enables module compression)
modules-sign - Cryptographically sign installed kernel modules (requires CONFIG_MODULE_SIG=y in the kernel)
mono - Build Mono bindings to support dotnet type stuff
motif - Add support for the Motif toolkit
mp3 - Add support for reading mp3 files
mp4 - Support for MP4 container format
mpeg - Add libmpeg3 support to various packages
mpi - Add MPI (Message Passing Interface) layer to the apps that support it
mplayer - Enable mplayer support for playback or encoding
mssql - Add support for Microsoft SQL Server database
mtp - Enable support for Media Transfer Protocol
multilib - On 64bit systems, if you want to be able to compile 32bit and 64bit binaries
musepack - Enable support for the musepack audio codec
musicbrainz - Lookup audio metadata using MusicBrainz community service (musicbrainz.org)
mysql - Add mySQL Database support
mysqli - Add support for the improved mySQL libraries
nas - Add support for network audio sound
native-extensions - Build native (e.g. C, Rust) extensions in addition to pure (e.g. Python) code (usually speedups)
ncurses - Add ncurses support (console display library)
neXt - Enable neXt toolkit
netcdf - Enable NetCDF data format support
networkmanager - Enable net-misc/networkmanager support
nis - Support for NIS/YP services
nls - Add Native Language Support (using gettext - GNU locale utilities)
nntp - Add support for newsgroups (Network News Transfer Protocol)
nocd - Install all files required to run the application without a CD mounted
nsplugin - Build plugin for browsers supporting the Netscape plugin architecture (that is almost any modern browser)
nvenc - Add support for NVIDIA Encoder/Decoder (NVENC/NVDEC) API for hardware accelerated encoding and decoding on NVIDIA cards (requires x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers)
ocaml - Add support/bindings for the Ocaml language
ocamlopt - Enable ocamlopt support (ocaml native code compiler) -- Produces faster programs (Warning: you have to disable/enable it at a global scale)
oci8 - Add Oracle 8 Database Support
oci8-instant-client - Use dev-db/oracle-instantclient-basic as Oracle provider instead of requiring a full Oracle server install
odbc - Add ODBC Support (Open DataBase Connectivity)
offensive - Enable potentially offensive items in packages
ofx - Enable support for importing (and exporting) OFX (Open Financial eXchange) data files
ogg - Add support for the Ogg container format (commonly used by Vorbis, Theora and flac)
openal - Add support for the Open Audio Library
opencl - Enable OpenCL support (computation on GPU)
openexr - Support for the OpenEXR graphics file format
opengl - Add support for OpenGL (3D graphics)
openmp - Build support for the OpenMP (support parallel computing), requires >=sys-devel/gcc-4.2 built with USE="openmp"
opentype-compat - Convert BDF and PCF bitmap fonts to OTB wrapper format
opus - Enable Opus audio codec support
oracle - Enable Oracle Database support
orc - Use dev-lang/orc for just-in-time optimization of array operations
osc - Enable support for Open Sound Control
oss - Add support for OSS (Open Sound System)
otf - Install OpenType font versions
pam - Add support for PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) - DANGEROUS to arbitrarily flip
pch - Enable precompiled header support for faster compilation at the expense of disk space and memory
pcmcia - Add support for PCMCIA slots/devices found on laptop computers
pcre - Add support for Perl Compatible Regular Expressions
pda - Add support for portable devices
pdf - Add general support for PDF (Portable Document Format), this replaces the pdflib and cpdflib flags
perl - Add optional support/bindings for the Perl language
php - Include support for the PHP language
pie - Build programs as Position Independent Executables (a security hardening technique)
plasma - Build optional KDE plasma addons
plotutils - Add support for plotutils (library for 2-D vector graphics)
png - Add support for libpng (PNG images)
policykit - Enable PolicyKit (polkit) authentication support
portaudio - Add support for the crossplatform portaudio audio API
posix - Add support for POSIX-compatible functions
postgres - Add support for the postgresql database
postscript - Enable support for the PostScript language (often with ghostscript-gpl or libspectre)
ppds - Add support for automatically generated ppd (printing driver) files
prefix - Defines if a Gentoo Prefix offset installation is used
profile - Add support for software performance analysis (will likely vary from ebuild to ebuild)
pulseaudio - Add sound server support via media-libs/libpulse (may be PulseAudio or PipeWire)
python - Add optional support/bindings for the Python language
qdbm - Add support for the qdbm (Quick Database Manager) library
qmail-spp - Add support for qmail SMTP plugins
qt5 - Add support for the Qt 5 application and UI framework
qt6 - Add support for the Qt 6 application and UI framework
quicktime - Add support for OpenQuickTime
radius - Add support for RADIUS authentication
raw - Add support for raw image formats
rdp - Enables RDP/Remote Desktop support
readline - Enable support for libreadline, a GNU line-editing library that almost everyone wants
recode - Enable support for the GNU recode library
rss - Enable support for RSS feeds
ruby - Add support/bindings for the Ruby language
samba - Add support for SAMBA (Windows File and Printer sharing)
sasl - Add support for the Simple Authentication and Security Layer
savedconfig - Use this to restore your config from /etc/portage/savedconfig ${CATEGORY}/${PN}. Make sure your USE flags allow for appropriate dependencies
scanner - Add support for scanner hardware (e.g. build the sane frontend in kdegraphics)
screencast - Enable support for remote desktop and screen cast using PipeWire
sctp - Support for Stream Control Transmission Protocol
sdl - Add support for Simple Direct Layer (media library)
seccomp - Enable seccomp (secure computing mode) to perform system call filtering at runtime to increase security of programs
secureboot - Automatically sign efi executables using user specified key
selinux - !!internal use only!! Security Enhanced Linux support, this must be set by the selinux profile or breakage will occur
semantic-desktop - Cross-KDE support for semantic search and information retrieval
session - Add persistent session support
sid - Enable SID (Commodore 64 audio) file support
skey - Enable S/Key (Single use password) authentication support
slang - Add support for the slang text display library (it's like ncurses, but different)
smartcard - Enable smartcard support
smp - Enable support for multiprocessors or multicore systems
snappy - Enable support for Snappy compression (as implemented in app-arch/snappy)
sndfile - Add support for libsndfile
snmp - Add support for the Simple Network Management Protocol if available
soap - Add support for SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
sockets - Add support for tcp/ip sockets
socks5 - Add support for the socks5 proxy
sound - Enable sound support
source - Zip the sources and install them
sox - Add support for Sound eXchange (SoX)
speech - Enable text-to-speech support
speex - Add support for the speex audio codec (used for speech)
spell - Add dictionary support
split-usr - Enable behavior to support maintaining /bin, /lib*, /sbin and /usr/sbin  separately from /usr/bin and /usr/lib*
sqlite - Add support for sqlite - embedded sql database
ssl - Add support for SSL/TLS connections (Secure Socket Layer / Transport Layer Security)
startup-notification - Enable application startup event feedback mechanism
static - !!do not set this during bootstrap!! Causes binaries to be statically linked instead of dynamically
static-libs - Build static versions of dynamic libraries as well
strip - Allow symbol stripping to be performed by the ebuild for special files
subversion - Enable subversion (version control system) support
suid - Enable setuid root program(s)
svg - Add support for SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
svga - Add support for SVGAlib (graphics library)
symlink - Force kernel ebuilds to automatically update the /usr/src/linux symlink
syslog - Enable support for syslog
systemd - Enable use of systemd-specific libraries and features like socket activation or session tracking
szip - Use the szip compression library
taglib - Enable tagging support with taglib
tcl - Add support the Tcl language
tcmalloc - Use the dev-util/google-perftools libraries to replace the malloc() implementation with a possibly faster one
tcpd - Add support for TCP wrappers
telemetry - Send anonymized usage information to upstream so they can better understand our users
test - Enable dependencies and/or preparations necessary to run tests (usually controlled by FEATURES=test but can be toggled independently)
test-install - Install testsuite for manual execution by the user
test-rust - Enable important test dependencies that require Rust toolchain
theora - Add support for the Theora Video Compression Codec
threads - Add threads support for various packages. Usually pthreads
tidy - Add support for HTML Tidy
tiff - Add support for the TIFF image format
time64 - Use 64-bit time_t type instead of the regular 32-bit type. This flag is forced on time64 profiles, and masked elsewhere. It should be only used when detection of type width is not possible (e.g. for SRC_URI)
timidity - Build with Timidity++ (MIDI sequencer) support
tk - Add support for Tk GUI toolkit
truetype - Add support for FreeType and/or FreeType2 fonts
ttf - Install TrueType font versions
udev - Enable virtual/udev integration (device discovery, power and storage device support, etc)
udisks - Enable storage management support (automounting, volume monitoring, etc)
uefi - Enable support for the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
unicode - Add support for Unicode
unwind - Add support for call stack unwinding and function name resolution
upnp - Enable UPnP port mapping support
upnp-av - Enable UPnP audio/video streaming support
upower - Enable power management support
usb - Add USB support to applications that have optional USB support (e.g. cups)
v4l - Enable support for video4linux (using linux-headers or userspace libv4l libraries)
vaapi - Enable Video Acceleration API for hardware decoding
vala - Enable bindings for dev-lang/vala
valgrind - Enable annotations for accuracy. May slow down runtime slightly. Safe to use even if not currently using dev-debug/valgrind
vanilla - Do not add extra patches which change default behaviour; DO NOT USE THIS ON A GLOBAL SCALE as the severity of the meaning changes drastically
vcd - Video CD support
vdpau - Enable the Video Decode and Presentation API for Unix acceleration interface
verify-sig - Verify upstream signatures on distfiles
vhosts - Add support for installing web-based applications into a virtual-hosting environment
videos - Install optional video files (used in some games)
vim-syntax - Pulls in related vim syntax scripts
vnc - Enable VNC (remote desktop viewer) support
vorbis - Add support for the OggVorbis audio codec
vpx - Add support for VP8/VP9 codecs (usually via media-libs/libvpx)
vulkan - Add support for 3D graphics and computing via the Vulkan cross-platform API
wavpack - Add support for wavpack audio compression tools
wayland - Enable dev-libs/wayland backend
webkit - Add support for the WebKit HTML rendering/layout engine
webp - Add support for the WebP image format
wifi - Enable wireless network functions
wmf - Add support for the Windows Metafile vector image format
wxwidgets - Add support for wxWidgets/wxGTK GUI toolkit
x264 - Enable h264 encoding using x264
xattr - Add support for extended attributes (filesystem-stored metadata)
xcb - Support the X C-language Binding, a replacement for Xlib
xcomposite - Enable support for the Xorg composite extension
xemacs - Add support for XEmacs
xface - Add xface support used to allow a small image of xface format to be included in an email via the header 'X-Face'
xft - Build with support for XFT font renderer (x11-libs/libXft)
xine - Add support for the XINE movie libraries
xinerama - Add support for querying multi-monitor screen geometry through the Xinerama API
xinetd - Add support for the xinetd super-server
xml - Add support for XML files
xmlrpc - Support for xml-rpc library
xmp - Enable support for Extensible Metadata Platform (Adobe XMP)
xmpp - Enable support for Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) formerly known as Jabber
xosd - Sends display using the X On Screen Display library
xpm - Add support for XPM graphics format
xscreensaver - Add support for XScreenSaver extension
xv - Add in optional support for the Xvideo extension (an X API for video playback)
xvid - Add support for xvid.org's open-source mpeg-4 codec
zeroconf - Support for DNS Service Discovery (DNS-SD)
zip - Enable support for ZIP archives
zlib - Add support for zlib compression
zsh-completion - Enable zsh completion support
zstd - Enable support for ZSTD compression

packages

package.use

emacs

app-editors/emacs libxml2 dynamic-loading json xwidgets

ffmpeg
```
media-video/ffmpeg libass opus vpx
```
glibc
```
sys-libs/glibc hash-sysv-compat
```
qbittorrent
```
net-p2p/qbittorrent gui webui
```
wine-proton
```
app-emulation/wine-proton osmesa v4l
```

rust

dev-lang/rust  clippy doc rust-analyzer rust-src rust-fmt
dev-lang/rust-bin clippy rust-src rust-analyzer rustfmt

gcc
```
sys-devel/gcc jit
```
libdrm
```
x11-libs/libdrm video_cards_radeon
```
obs-studio
```
meida-video/obs-studio pipewire
```
pipewire

#+begin_src shell media-video/pipewire gstreamer

librime-lua

app-i18n/librime-lua lua_single_target_lua5-4

package.accept_keywords

gentoo-zh/xanmod-kernel
```
sys-kernel/xanmod-kernel ~amd64
```

应该安装的包

fcitx-gtk

问题

当遇到编译出错时可以试着先更新portage包
也可以用equery看看出错包的依赖然后先更新那些包

Ebuild

标准变量(variables)

P	软件包名称-版本 ${PN}-${PV} eg. vim-6.3
PN	仅包名称 eg. vim
PV	包版本 eg. 6.3
PR	修订
PVR	版本-修订 ${PV}-${PR} eg. 6.3-r1
PF	包名称-版本-修订 ${PN}-${PVR} eg. vim-6.3-r1
A	包所有的源代码文件(不包括USE关闭的)
CATEGORY	包的类别 eg. app-editors/emacs的app-editors
FILESDIR	包目录的files/的文件用于一些patch或者其他
WORKDIR	ebuild根构建目录的路径 eg.${PORTAGE_BUILDDIR}/work
T	ebuild可能使用的临时目录路径 eg.${PORTAGE_BUILDDIR}/temp
D	临时安装目录的路径 eg. ${PORTAGE_BUILDDIR}/image
HOME	临时目录的路径供ebuild调用的任何可你呢个读取或修改主目录的程序用 eg. ${PORTAGE_BUILDDIR}/homedir
ROOT	软件包要合并到根目录的绝对路径仅在pkg_*阶段允许
DISTDIR	包含存储为包获取的所有文件的目录的路径
EPREFIX	PREFIX安装的规范化PREFIX前缀路径
ED	${D%/}${EPREFIX}/ 的简写
EROOT	${ROOT%/}${EPREFIX}/ 的简写
SYSROOT	(EAPI=7)包含构建依赖的根目录的绝对路径
ESYSROOT	(EAPI=7)${SYSROOT%/}${EPREFIX}/ 的简写
BROOT	(EAPI=7)包含所满足的构建依赖项的根目录的绝对路径BDEPEND，通常是可执行构建工具。
MERGE_TYPE	正在合并的软件包类型(类似portage feature的buildpkg): source代表源代码 binary是否安装ebuild构建的二进制包 buildonly仅构建不安装
REPLACING_VERSIONS	此软件包的所有版本(PVR)的空格分格列表
REPLACED_BY_VERSION	若此软件包作为安装的一部分被卸载则返回软件版本(PVR)

Ebuild定义变量

EAPI	EAPI版本
DESCRIPTION	(必须)软件包的简短描述 <=80字
HOMEPAGE	(必须)软件包主页缺省值:https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/No_homepage
SRC_URI	软件包URI列表
LICENSE	许可
SLOT	(必须)包的SLOT
KEYWORDS	包的keywords
IUSE	ebuild中所有USE(不包括arch)
REQUIRED_USE	必须满足的USE
PROPERTIES	空格分格的属性列表支持条件语法 :interactive live test_network
RESTRICT	空格分格的要限制的portage功能列表 :fetch mirror strip test userpriv
DEPEND	构建依赖表
BDEPEND	(EAPI=7) CBUILD依赖表
RDEPEND	运行时依赖表
PDEPEND	合并后要安装的包列表
S	临时的构建目录路径由src_compile,src_{install使用} 默认:${WORKDIR}/${P}
DOCS	src_{install默认安装的文档文件列表}
HTML_DOCS	einstalldocs要递归安装的文档列表

SRC_URI

可以条件性的下载源码

SRC_URI = " https://example.com/files/${P}-core.tar.bz2
          x86? (https://example.com/files/${P}-sse-asm.tar.bz2)
"

也可以重命名

SRC_URI = "https://example.com/files/${PV}.tar.gz -> ${P}.tar.gz"

也可以定义多个下载源

github https://github.com https://ghproxy.net
SRC_URI="mirror://github/${PN}/${P}.tar.gz"

REQUIRED_USE

USE关系

如果foo 则不能有bar

REQUIRED_USE = " foo? (!bar) "

如果foo 则有必须bar 或 baz 或 quux 至少一个

REQUIRED_USE = "foo? (|| (bar baz quux))"

必须foo bar gaz中至少一个

REQUIRED_USE = "|| (bar baz quux)"

必须foo bar gaz中一个不能多

REQUIRED_USE = " ^^ （ foo bar baz ）"

必须一个或零个不能多

REQUIRED_USE = " ?? (a b c)"

用户环境

skel.ebuild中文

  # 版权所有 1999-2025 Gentoo 作者
# 根据 GNU 通用公共许可证 v2 条款分发

# 注意：此文件中的注释仅用于说明和文档。
# 它们不应该出现在你的最终生产 ebuild 中。请
# 记得在提交或确认你的 ebuild 之前删除它们。
# 但并不意味着您不能添加自己的评论。

# EAPI 变量告诉正在使用的 ebuild 格式。
# 建议您使用理事会批准的最新 EAPI。
# PMS 包含所有 EAPI 的规范。Eclasses 将对此进行测试
# 如果他们需要使用并非所有 EAPI 都通用的功能，则变量。
# 如果 eclass 不支持最新的 EAPI，则使用以前的 EAPI。
EAPI=8


# 继承列出要从中继承函数的 eclass。例如，ebuild
# 需要 autotools.eclass 中的 eautoreconf 函数将无法工作
# 没有下面这一行：
# inherit autotools
#
# Eclasses 倾向于列出如何正确使用其功能的描述。
# 查看 eclass/ 目录以获取更多示例。

# 该包的简短一行描述。
DESCRIPTION="这是一个示例骨架 ebuild 文件"

# 主页，Portage 不直接使用，但方便开发人员参考
HOMEPAGE="https://foo.example.org/"

# 指向任何所需的源；这些将由
# 搬运。
SRC_URI="ftp://foo.example.org/${P}.tar.gz"

# 源目录；可以找到源的目录（自动
# 解压后）放在 ${WORKDIR} 中。S 的默认值是 ${WORKDIR}/${P}
# 如果你不需要改变它，请将 S= 行从 ebuild 中移除
# 保持整洁。
#S="${WORKDIR}/${P}"


# 软件包的许可证。这必须与
# licenses/ 目录。对于复杂的许可证组合，请参阅开发者
# 请参阅 gentoo.org 上的文档以了解详细信息。
LICENSE=""

# SLOT 变量用于告诉 Portage 是否可以保留多个
# 同时安装同一软件包的多个版本。例如，
# 如果我们有 libfoo-1.2.2 和 libfoo-1.3.2（不兼容）
# 对于 1.2.2 版本，最好指示 Portage 不要删除
# 如果我们决定升级到 libfoo-1.3.2，则需要使用 libfoo-1.2.2。为此，
# 我们在 libfoo-1.2.2 中指定 SLOT="1.2"，在 libfoo-1.3.2 中指定 SLOT="1.3"。
# emerge clean 了解 SLOT，并将保留最新版本
#每个 SLOT 的数量并删除其他所有内容。
# 注意，如果可能的话，普通应用程序应该使用 SLOT="0"，因为
# 一次只能安装一个版本。
# 不要使用 SLOT=""，因为 SLOT 变量不能为空。
SLOT="0"

# 使用关键词，我们可以在 ebuild 内部记录屏蔽信息
# 而不是依赖外部的 package.mask 文件。现在，你
# 应该为每个 ebuild 设置 KEYWORDS 变量，以便它包含
# ebuild 适用的所有架构的名称。
# 所有官方架构都可以在 arch.list 文件中找到
# 位于 profiles/ 目录中。通常你应该只设置这个
# 改为“~amd64”。体系结构前面的 ~ 表示
# 软件包是新的，在测试证明之前应该被认为是不稳定的
# 它的稳定性。所以，如果你已经确认你的 ebuild 可以在
# amd64 和 ppc，您需要指定：
# 关键词="~amd64 ~ppc"
# 一旦软件包稳定下来，~ 前缀就会被删除。
# 对于二进制包，使用 -* 然后列出 bin 包的 archs
# 存在。如果该包是针对 x86 二进制包的，那么
# KEYWORDS 应设置如下：KEYWORDS="-* x86"
# 不要使用 KEYWORDS="*"；这在 ebuild 上下文中无效。
KEYWORDS="~amd64"

# ebuild 中利用的所有 USE 标志的综合列表，
# 有一些例外，例如 ARCH 特定标志，如“amd64”或“ppc”。
# 如果 ebuild 不使用任何 USE 标志，则不需要。
IUSE="gnome X"

# 以空格分隔的要限制的 portage 功能列表。man 5 ebuild
# 了解详细信息。通常不需要。
#RESTRICT="剥离"


# 运行时依赖项。必须将其定义为运行所依赖的任何内容。
# 例子：
# SSL？（>=dev-libs/openssl-1.0.2q:0=）
#>=dev-lang/perl-5.24.3-r1
# 建议使用上面显示的 >= 语法，以反映您
# 在您测试软件包时，它已安装在您的系统上。然后
# 希望其他用户不会因为没有正确版本的
# 依赖项。
#RDEPEND=""

# 需要与系统二进制兼容的构建时依赖项
# 正在构建（CHOST）。其中包括我们链接的库。
# 如果需要相同的运行时依赖来编译，则以下内容有效。
#DEPEND="${RDEPEND}"

# 在 emerge 过程中执行的构建时依赖项，以及
# 仅需存在于原生构建系统 (CBUILD) 中。例如：
#BDEPEND="虚拟/pkgconfig"


# 下面的 src_configure 函数是 portage 默认实现的，因此
# 仅当您需要不同的行为时才需要调用它。
#src_configure() {
# 大多数开源包使用 GNU autoconf 进行配置。
# 运行 configure 的默认、最快（也是首选）方式是：
#econf
#
# 您可以使用类似于以下几行来
# 在编译之前配置你的包。“|| die”部分
如果命令失败，最后的#将停止构建过程。
# 您应该在构建过程中的关键命令末尾使用它
# 过程。（提示：大多数命令都很关键，例如构建
# 如果不成功，进程应该中止。）
#./配置 \
# --host=${CHOST} \
# --prefix=/usr\
# --infodir=/usr/share/info \
# --mandir=/usr/share/man ||死
# 注意上面 --infodir 和 --mandir 的用法。这是为了让
# 此软件包符合 FHS 2.2 标准。更多信息，请参阅
# https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/lsb/fhs
#}

# 下面的 src_compile 函数是 portage 默认实现的，因此
# 如果您需要不同的行为，您只需调用它。
#src_compile() {
# emake 是一个使用并行调用标准 GNU make 的脚本
# 构建选项以实现更快的构建（尤其是在 SMP 系统上）。
# 先尝试 emake。它可能不适用于某些软件包，因为
# 一些 makefile 存在与并行性相关的错误，在这种情况下，
# 使用 emake -j1 将 make 限制为单个进程。-j1 是一个
# 向其他人提供视觉线索，表明 makefile 存在错误，
# 解决了。

#emake
#}

# 下面的 src_install 函数是 portage 默认实现的，因此
# 如果您需要不同的行为，您只需调用它。
#src_install() {
# 你必须*亲自验证*此技巧是否无法安装
# DESTDIR 之外的任何内容；通过阅读和
# 了解 Makefile 的安装部分。
# 这是首选的安装方式。
#emake DESTDIR="${D}" 安装

# 当你使用 emake 失败时，不要只使用 make。
# 最好修复 Makefile 以允许正确的并行化。
# 如果失败了，请使用“emake -j1”，它仍然比 make 更好。

# 对于没有正确使用 DESTDIR 的 Makefile，设置
# 前缀通常是一种替代方案。但是如果你这样做，那么
# 您还需要指定 mandir 和 infodir，因为它们是
# 传递给 ./configure 作为绝对路径（覆盖前缀
# 环境）。
#emake \
# 前缀="${D}"/usr \
# mandir="${D}" /usr/share/man \
# infodir="${D}"/usr/share/info \
# libdir="${D}"/usr/$(get_libdir) \
＃ 安装
# 再次验证 Makefile！我们不希望出现任何问题
# 在 ${D} 之外。
#}

编写dotnet项目的ebuild

首先我们需要安装gdmt

sudo emerge -v dev-dotnet/gentoo-dotnet-maintainer-tools

然后我们安装dotnet-sdk

sudo emerge -v dev-dotnet/dotnet-sdk-bin

我们到项目的path 然后执行

gdmt restore -e sdk版本

接下来可以获取NUGET

multilib 32 and 64	尽可能的使用64位库,必要时兼容32
no-multilib (纯64位)	除非必要否则不要使用
Openrc	一个简洁的init系统
systemd	比openrc臃肿但通用

安装